Title: Nature Conservation Guidelines
for Renewable Energy Projects.
Author: Aspinwall and Company; Walford Manor, Baschurch,
Shrewsbury SY4 2HH, UK
Publisher: English Nature; Publicity and Marketing Branch,
Northminster House, Peterborough PE1 1UA, UK, Date of publ.:
1994, Pages: 26, ISBN: 1 85716 136 X
Keywords: UK, renewable energy, wind energy, recommendations,
policy, planning, siting, technologies, conservation, impacts
Synopsis: This report, commissioned by English Nature,
aims to identify the likely nature conservation implications of
renewable energy developments. English Nature's policies on energy
are summarised in section no. 2. The report concentrates on planning
and nature conservation matters and outlines relevant technical
issues. It gives in detail the nature conservation impacts of
wind farms and provides guidance on siting measures which would
make wind power developments more compatible with nature conservation.
The nature conservation implications of other renewable energy
technologies are briefly discussed, e.g. hydro, tidal and wave
power, geothermal and solar installations, energy forestry, waste
incineration, anaerobic digestion of sewage, biofuels from arable
crops and utilisation of landfill gas. The report is intended
to be of use to developers, local planning authorities and other
interested parties in considering a renewable energy project.
Accessories: Annex A. English's Nature's position statement
on electricity generation. Local contact addresses
Title: Military degradation of
the environment in the Lithuanian coastal area
Author: Baubinas, R. and Taminaskas, J., Institute of Geography,
Lithuania
In: Coastline, Vol. 5, No. 1996-2, Pages: 5-8, ISSN:
0928-2734 Publisher: EUCC Network Services, P.O. Box 11232,
NL-2301 EE Leiden
Keywords: Military defence, Lithuania, status, impacts,
land use
Synopsis: The article gives brief overview of the military
use of the Lithuanian coast in the former Soviet Union and discusses
the contradiction between military, social and ecological interests.
The degradation of the landscape and the forests, and the impact
on recreation areas are described in detail.
Title: World Coast Conference 1993:
Proceedings.
Author: Beukenkamp, P. et al (Eds.)
Publisher: CZM Centre, RIKZ, P.O. Box 20907, 2500 EX The
Hague, NL Pages:1048, Ref.: CZM Centre publication
no 4, ISBN: 90-369-0305-X
Keywords: World, CZM, climate change , sea level rise,
protection, vulnerability, institutional aspects, sustainable
development, recommendations, policy Synopsis: The World Coast
Conference (WCC) 1993 is one of the first major world-wide conferences
of all aspects of CZM, including coastal zone resource protection,
development issues, the potential impacts of climate change and
the institutional aspects. Case studies over CZM provide an overview
of the existing levels of integration, the extent of in-country
awareness and acceptance of the need for ICZM, and major constraints
in implementing ICZM in the participating countries. The proceedings
contain also a broad overview of the international agency efforts
in CZM, especially in capacity building, and describes the techniques
and tools that are available to facilitate planning and decision
making.
Title: Baltic Sea Action Plan
Author: Coalition Clean Baltic (CCB); c/o Swedish Society
for Nature Conservation, P.O. Box 4625, S 116 91 Stockholm
Publisher: CCB, Date of publ.: 1992, Pages:
36
Keywords: Baltic Sea, recommendations, planning, environmental
protection, development, impacts
Synopsis: In this document CCB describes some of the principles
and strategies needed to protect the Baltic Sea environment. These
strategies range from the use of a holistic approach to strengthening
environmental legislation. The document covers twelve areas of
harmful activities: agriculture, forestry, aquaculture, industry,
energy exploitation of minerals and living resources, transportation
(road transport, aviation, sea transport), municipalities and
households, recreational activities, military activities, accidents
and "mega-projects". Each of these potentially harmful activities
is described and the problems discussed. Afterwards, CCB gives
their proposals on how to remedy the situation. Some of the ideas
and solutions given are innovative and unique. Quite a good document.
Many of the problems and CCBs proposed solutions can be extrapolated
to other parts of the world.
Title: An NGO Vision of an Agenda
21 for the Baltic Sea Region
Author: Coalition Clean Baltic (CCB); c/o Swedish Society
for Nature Conservation, P.O. Box 4625, S 116 91 Stockholm, Sweden
Publisher: CCB, Date of Publ.: 1996, Pages: 85
Keywords: Baltic Sea, recommendations, sustainable development,
sector analysis, impacts, pollution, conservation, biodiversity,
communication
Synopsis: Coalition Clean Baltic has put together an exceptional
document that should be read by all involved in environmental
protection in the Baltic Sea region as well as other regions of
the world. It outlines the problems faced in the Baltic region
and discusses in depth what needs to be done and why the current
practices are not sufficient. They give alternatives for combating
environmental degradation and methods of implementing these alternatives.
Furthermore, the article gives a sector-by-sector analysis of
the problems and then gives their personal proposals and demands
for each sector. These sectors include: Industry, Agriculture,
Municipalities and households: Ecological waste water treatment,
Forestry, Energy and Transport, Oil and Oil Handling, Fisheries
and aquaculture, Nature conservation and biological diversity,
and Tourism.This document is very thorough and goes in depth to
give specific remedies to tough environmental problems that many
people and organizations shy away from.
Accessories: Annexes I-V, respectively: Four principles
of environmental protection, Environmental services produced and
sustained by the life-supporting natural environment; Environmental
and resource problems in the Baltic Sea region today, Clean production,
Ten principles for sustainable tourism.
Title: Seaward coastal defence;
limitations and possibilities
Author: de Ruig, J.H.M., RIKZ, The Hague, The Netherlands
In: Coastal Management and Habitat Conservation, (Eds.
Salman, A. et al.) Publisher: EUCC, P.O. Box 11232, 2301
EE Leiden, The Netherlands
Date of publ.: 1996, Pages: 453-464, ISBN:
90-75502-02-8
Keywords: Coastal defence, NL, opportunities, beach nourishment,
seaward coastal defence
Synopsis: This paper describes the possibilities for seaward
coastal defence. Feasibility studies of the effectiveness and
efficiency of several scenarios of the seaward coastal defence
strategy have been conducted at the most vulnerable locations
along the Dutch coast. The effects of the scenarios on morphological
systems elsewhere, on the environment and on functional values
in the area under study have also been investigated. The article
gives an overview of the main conclusions of these studies where
sand nourishment, as the main coastal defence measure, is taken
as reference for the seaward alternatives.
Title: Policy Guidelines for the
Coast
Author: Department of the Environment, UK
Publisher: Department of the Environment, UK, Date of
publ.: 1995, Ref. no.: 95 CCG 218, Pages: 65
Keywords: CZM,UK, recommendations, policy, coastal protection,
sustainable development
Synopsis: This document highlights Government policy in
England on integrated management of the coast. Guidelines are
given over the following key issues: Sustainable development,
Coastal Planning and Development, Coastal Defence, Dredging of
Marine Aggregates, Ports and Harbours, Construction and Development
in the Sea, Shipping, Fisheries, Oil and Gas, Disposal at Sea,
Water Quality, Landscape, Nature Conservation, the Historic Environment,
Leisure, Sport and Tourism and Environmental Assessment. The document
includes information on related administrative procedures and
list official and other reference material providing more detailed
background. Accessories: Contacts List.
Title: EIW Expert Workshop on the
Elaboration of a Draft Framework of a Code of Good Agricultural
Practices (21-22/05/92 Brussels).
Author: EIW (European Institute for Water); 34 Avenue Bugeand,
75116 Paris, France
Publisher: European Commission, Date of publ.: 1992,
Pages: 32
Keywords: Europe, agriculture, recommendations, good practice,
waste, fertilizers, leaching, pesticides, runoff, irrigation,
drainage
Synopsis: This is a summary of the EIW expert workshop
on Codes of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). Section I outlines
the conclusions of the workshop, section II outlines the basic
principles underlying GAP, section III examines regulatory and
financial options, and section IV provides specific measures to
be considered when formulating codes according to the Nitrate
Directive. Section IV has six sections covering inorganic and
organic fertilizers, pesticides, runoff and erosion, irrigation
and drainage, soil cultivation, and biodiversity. There is also
a contact list for all of the presenters who wrote papers for
the conference, including experts on these six areas of Section
IV. Accessories: Contact list for experts
Title: Strategy for the sustainable
use of England's estuaries
Author: English Nature
Publisher: English Nature, Publicity and Marketing Branch.
English Nature, Northminster House, Peterborough PE1 1 UA, UK,
Date of publ.: 1993, Pages: 43, ISBN: 1 85716
120 3,
Keywords: England, estuaries, recommendations, planning,
management, policy, legislation.
Synopsis: This document aims to provide a framework to
co-ordinate legislation, consultation, management, research and
investment for the sustainable use of England's estuaries. The
strategy outlined consists of two essential elements: the preparation
of integrated estuary management plans and the formation of estuary
management groups to guide and implement the plan. The document
discusses in detail the following management issues and objectives:
development in estuaries, climate change and coastal defence,
navigational development, dredging and aggregate extraction, energy
generation, fisheries, agriculture, water quality, sport and recreation,
education and research. Accessories: Location of England's
estuaries
Title: Estuary Management Plans.
A co-ordinator's guide.
Author: English Nature
Publisher: English Nature, Publicity and Marketing Branch.
English Nature, Northminster House, Peterborough PE1 1 UA, UK,
Date of publ.: 1993, Pages: 88, ISBN: 1 85716
121 1,
Keywords: England, estuaries, policy, planning, recommendations,
management, legislation.
Synopsis: This document provides guidelines on what an
Estuary Management Plan should contain and how local communities
might best be involved in the preparation and implementation of
the Management Plans. Detailed guidance is given on the following
topics: how the Management Plan preparation process can be initiated;
producing of the Preparatory Document; data collection requirements,
conflict identification and resolution, presentation of information;
making decisions, producing and implementation of the Management
Plan, and how the national legislation applies to estuary management.
Title: Managed Retreat: A Practical
Guide
Author: Fiona Burd, Institute of Estuarine and Coastal
Studies, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
Publisher: English Nature, Northminster House, Peterborough,
PE1 1UA, UK
Publication Date: 1995, Pages: 26, ISBN: 1
85716 172 6
Keywords: UK, coastal defence, recommendations, saltmarshes,
mud flats, intertidal zone, estuaries
Synopsis: Managed retreat can provide low cost coastal
defence while creating saltmarsh habitat. A managed retreat is
basically a reconstructed or newly created saltmarsh, which can
reduce flooding and erosion while providing new habitat. Factors
for determining optimum locations for managed retreats are provided,
as well as recommendations for development and monitoring of saltmarshes.
Accessories: Reading list
Title: Economic Development and Environmental
Protection in Coastal Areas
Author: ENVIREG, European Commission, Brussels
Publisher: AMBER, Ecotec Research and Consulting, Ltd.,
13b Avenue de Tervuren, 1040 Brussels, Belgium Date of publication:
1994, Pages: 60
Keywords: Europe, tourism, coastal defence, recommendations,
good pratice, pollution, CZM, development
Synopsis: This handbook looks at the damage wrought by
intensive coastal development and makes recommendations for responsible
planning and integrated coastal zone management. Case studies
include the following, among others: Cardigan Bay and Heritage
Coast, UK; Wexford, Ireland; Laono, Cyprus; and S'Albufeira and
Odiel Marshes Natural Parks, Spain. There are several useful tables
and appendices for coastal management.
Appendices:
A.1 Integrated management plan: project brief and information
checklist
A.2 European coastal management and environmental protection programs
A.3 Relevant networks and organizations in Europe and the Mediterranean
A.4 Contacts for case studies featured in the handbook
A.5 EIA Directive: schedules and implementing legal measures
A.6 Bibliography
Title: The future development of
the common transport policy. A global approach to the construction
of a Community framework for sustainable mobility.
Author: European Commission, Wetstraat 200, Brussels
Publisher: Office for Official Publications of the European
Communities, L-2985 Luxembourg
Date of publ.: 1993, Pages: 72, ISBN: 92-826-59LL-9,
Series: Bulletin of the European Communities, Suppl. 3/93,
Keywords: EU, transport, policy, transport growth, impacts,
pollution, protection
Synopsis: This paper gives brief overview of the trends
in the transport economy, and the objectives and scope of the
common transport policy. It discusses the issues about creation
of a more open market and improving the financial performance
and efficiency of transport. The document underlines the need
for appropriate Community action to improve the safety and the
environmental performance of transport. It considers the integration
of environmental objectives, as laid down in the Union Treaty
agreed at Maastricht, as one of the most important challenges.
The paper describes main environmental problems caused by transport
growth, and discusses reactions to the Green Paper and the Community's
strategy for protection of the environment.
Title: Europe 2000+ Cooperation for
European territorial development
Author: European Commission
Publisher: European Commission; Office for Official Publications
of the European Communities, 2 rue Mercier, L-2985 Luxembourg
Date of publ.: 1994, Pages: 245, ISBN: 92-826-9099-7
Keywords: EU, spatial development, regional devlopment,
status, trends
Synopsis: This is an extensive document on the status of
Europe and where Europe is heading with the growth of EU, and
territorial cooperation and development. Planning is an integral
part of a smooth transition to a more connected and cooperative
Europe in 2000 and beyond.
This document touches on several aspects of this territorial development
from population dynamics to environmental issues to foreign investment.
This document is extremely informative and detailed.
The main sections of this document include:
Section A - Main factors affecting territorial organisation in
Europe
Section B - Developments in specific areas (urban, rural and border
areas)
Section C - Systems of spatial planning and public transfers in
the Member States
Annex - Transnational perspectives on European territorial development
(the Centre Capitals, Alpine Arc, Continental Diagonal, new German
Länder, Mediterranean, Atlantic Arc, North Sea Regions, Ultra-peripheral
regions as well as the Nordic countries, Central and Eastern Europe,
former USSR, and Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries)
The maps included in this document are quite detailed and very
informative. Section C gives an overview of the spatial planning
systems in each EU Member State which is useful and interesting
for the future cooperation between these states. Quite an extensive
amount of information, but quite informative.
Accessories: Annex: Transnational perspectives on European
territorial development
Title: The New Common Fisheries Policy
Author: European Commission, Directorate General For Fisheries
Publisher: European Commission; Office for Official Publications
of the European Communities; 2 rue Mercier, L-2985 Luxembourg
Date of publ.: 1994, Pages: 46, ISBN: 92-826-7570-X
Keywords: EU, fisheries, aquaculture, policy, CFP, stocks,
catch, TAC
Synopsis: A good way to understand the fishing policies
throughout Europe. Gives the history of the Common Fisheries Policy
(CFP) and then elaborates on conservation methods, methods of
monitoring fishing activities and how fish are marketed. Also
looks into the structural policies involved in the European Fish
Industry and third country and international agreements as well.
Lastly, fishery research is discussed as well as the CFP and how
it effects the environment and what the future of the CFP is.
Quite an interesting article with plenty of data to back up statements.
Title: The Prospective Development
of the Northern Seaboard.
Series: Regional Development Studies
Author: European Commission
Publisher: European Commission; Office for Official Publications
of the European Communities, 2 rue Mercier, L-2985 Luxembourg
Date of publ.: 1995, Pages: 220, ISBN: 92-826-8828-3
Keywords: North Sea, planning, regional development
Synopsis: An extensive document has been put together regarding
the prospective development of the northern seaboard, by a consortium
of companies under the leadership and coordination of Price Waterhouse.
Experts on the topics of regional economic, regional planning,
transport planning, environmental planning, industrial planning,
fisheries economics, energy economics, telecommunications economics,
tourism planning and demography were also consulted with during
this study.
The study was broken down into three separate phases. Phase I
- Present situation and trends, Phase II - Regional analysis:
Base development scenarios, and Phase III - Alternative development
scenarios.
Phase I summarizes the key features of the study area as it exists
at present and then identifies the main factors and trends underlying
the current development pattern. Phase II describes the base scenario.
It presents the two typologies of the regions of the study area,
presents the ECs vision of the regions pattern of development
over the next decade and provides a regional synthesis. Phase
III presents the ECs analysis of possible variations from the
base scenario. It discusses variation within each policy area
and gives an integrated approach of the prospective alternative
developments of the northern seaboard.
This is a well researched and complete document. There is quite
a bit of data and information in the form of maps, tables and
figures to back up all that is written. Extremely in depth and
somewhat technical.
Title: The Role of the Union in the
field of tourism, Commission Green Paper
Author: European Commission, Wetstraat 200, Brussels
Publisher: European Commission, European Commission; Office
for Official Publications of the European Communities; 2 rue Mercier,
L-2985 Luxembourg, Date of publ.: 1995, Pages: 74
ISBN: 92-77-87681-6 Catalogue number: CB-CO-95-143-EN-C
Keywords: EU, tourism, status, trends, policy, sustainable
development
Synopsis: This Green Paper analyzes the current state of
tourism in Europe and serves to open the discussion on how the
European Community can remain competitive in the tourism industry,
how tourism can reinforce social and economic links in the Union,
and how to implement sustainable development. The paper examines
the stakes involved in tourism and the tools available to the
Community. Ways in which tourism can benefit the Union are also
explored. Four options for development of the role of the Union
are offered. Responses to these options are detailed in Consultation
on the basis of the Green Paper. The options are:
I) reducing or eliminating specific Community actions
II) retaining the current framework and level of intervention
III) strengthening Community action via the existing treaty
IV) working towards a Community tourism policy
Accessories: Annex of summary by country of principal bodies in
charge of tourism, and summary by country of amounts set aside
for tourism.
Title: Consultation on the basis
of the Green Paper, a step further towards recognition of Community
action to assist tourism (Forum on European Tourism, Brussels,
8 December 1995)
Author: European Commision, D. G. XXIII; Date of Publ.:
1995, Pages: 61
Keywords: EU, tourism, status and trends, sustainable development
Synopsis: This paper is a continuation and summary of responses
to the Green Paper entitled, "The role of the Union in the field
of tourism". The annexes offer tabulation and excerpts from the
responses received. While the level of involvement desired by
Union countries (in terms of their responses to the four options
of the Green Paper) are divided, there appears to be consensus
in three areas: coordination needs to be strengthened within the
Union, the desired role of the Union is to assist the development
of tourism, and implementation should be offered with a partnership
approach. This is an interesting view of the opinion and views
of the Union and member countries to tourism. Accessories: Annexes
I-V as follows: I) Consultation mechanisms, II) List of persons
and organizations making contributions, III) Opinions of the ESC
and the Committee of the Regions on the Green Paper, IV) Synthesis
of contributions made by ministries, V) Synthesis of contributions
by other organizations
Title: Technical Consultation on
the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing: Guidelines for the
Integration of Fisheries into Coastal Area Management
Author: FAO; Viale delle Terme di Caracalla; 00100 Rome,
Italy
Publisher: FAO, Date of publ.: 1994, Pages:
16
Keywords: Fisheries, aquaculture, recommendations, CZM,
good practice, valuation, monitoring, integration, resources
Synopsis: Goes in depth on how to integrate fisheries into
coastal area management. Discusses the difficulties of this integration
due to cultural and customary practices. Provides concrete methods
in straightforward language on how to avoid conflict between coastal
managers and fishers and ways to reach common ground.
Title: Code of Conduct for Responsible
Fisheries
Author: FAO; Viale delle Terme di Caracalla; 00100 Rome,
Italy
Publisher: FAO, Date of publ.: 1995, Pages:
41
Keywords: Fisheries, aquaculture, code of conduct, CZM,
training, good practice
Synopsis: The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
is basically a guide on how to run different aspects of fisheries
in a sustainable and appropriate manner. It ranges from Relationships
with International Agreements to Integration of Fisheries into
Coastal Area Management. It touches on several important issues
that are often overlooked when dealing with fisheries. This Code
can be quite useful if used properly.
Title: Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Services as the foundation for Social and Economic Development
in Coastal Areas,
Author: Folke, C.; Beijer International Institute of Ecological
Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 50005,
S- 104 05 Stockholm
In: "Biodiversity and Sustainable Use of Coastal Waters",
(Eds: Hedlund, L. et al) - Workshop 21-25 August 1995, Tjärnö
Marine Biological Laboratory, Series: Discussion paper no.2.
Publisher: Swedish Scientific Committee on Biological Diversity;
Museum of Natural History, P.O.Box 50007, S-104 05 Stockholm.
Date of Publ.: 1995, Pages: 18-19
Keywords: sustainable use, biodiversity, background, opportunities,
fisheries, aquaculture
Synopsis: This article supports the idea that natural resources
and processes should receive a price and should be recognised
in the norms and rules of society, instead of been taken for granted
which is often the case today. It pleads for sustainable use of
the coast, which implies that economic and social activities using
marine and coastal ecosystems "work with" and stimulate the processes
and functions of biological diversity. The size of ecological
life-support, required for economic activities at the coast, is
illustrated with examples of cage-farming of Atlantic salmon and
semi-intensive shrimp farming in Colombia. According to the article,
the major value of marine and coastal diversity lies in its capacity
to sustain ecosystem processes and functions and thereby maintain
the biophysical foundation on which human society rests.
Title: Biodiversity and Tourism
Author: German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation;
Konstantinstrasse 110, 53179 Bonn
Publisher: Springer Verlag, Berlin - Heidelberg, Date
of publ.: 1997, Pages: 343,
ISBN: 3-540-62395-7
Keywords: Europe, impacts, recommendations, legislation,
sustainable development, biodiversity, ecotourism, ecosystems
Synopsis: The document provides an overview of the impacts
of tourism on coastal and marine ecosystems throughout the world
and Europe specifically. Case studies of conflicts and solutions
are presented; these include the Cote d'Azur, the Costa del Sol,
and the southern coast of Turkey, among others. Strategies for
sustainable tourism and legal aspects are explored, as well as
options for international regulation of tourism. Accessories:
bibliography and excerpts of relevant legislation
Title: Green Fields Grey Future.
EC Agriculture Policy at the Crossroads
Author: Greenpeace International, Keizersgracht 176; 1016
DW Amsterdam; The Netherlands
Publisher: Greenpeace International
Date of publ.: 1992, Pages: 98, ISBN: 1 871532
66 3
Keywords: EU, Agriculture, CAP, status, trends, policy,
planning, recommendations,
pesticides, fertilizers, impacts, energy, marine pollution
Synopsis: This book discusses EC farming policies and how they
favor industrial agriculture over organic or ecological agriculture.
It goes in depth about how industrial agriculture destroys different
aspects of the environment. The authors call for a complete change
in the farming policies as well as some action to back up the
EC's empty promises. They go on to question the budget and how
funds are allocated. Recommendations are offered as well as descriptions
of how organic or ecological farming practices will be financially
beneficial in the long run whereas industrial farming looks great
in the short term and absolutely destructive in the long run.
Title: Futures for the Mediterranean
basin
Author: Grenon M. and Batisse M. (Editors)
Publisher: Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford
OX2 6DP, UK
Publication Date: 1989, Pages: 279,.. ISBN:
0-19-823312-4
Keywords: Mediterranean, status, trends impacts, scenarios,
environmental protection, sustainable development, sectors.
Synopsis: This book reports on the prospects for the economic
development and environment of the Mediterranean region. It is
mainly based on studies of the Blue Plan Regional Activity Centre.
The prospects for major economic sectors chosen - industry, agriculture,
energy, tourism, and transport - and their impact on the environment
are considered in detail. Environmental effects are discussed
also for urban systems and urbanisation. "Scenarios" are used
to explore the implications of particular types of change and
choices of action. The document contains a wide range of statistical
material, which is presented as tables and maps.
