Title: The Baltic Sea Joint Comprehensive
Environmental Action Programme
Author: HELCOM; Katajanokanlaituri 6 B, FIN-00160 Helsinki,
Finland
In: Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No 48,
Publisher: HELCOM, Helsinki Date of publ.: 1993,
Pages: 96, ISSN: 0357-2994
Keywords: Baltic Sea, status, policy, HELCOM, marine pollution,
degradation, restoration, CZM, sustainable development, financing
Synopsis: The Baltic Sea Joint Comprehensive Environmental
Action Programme is developed in response to the Baltic Sea declaration
adopted at the level of Prime Ministers at the Baltic Sea Environment
Conference in Ronneby, 1990. The Programme addresses the issues
of ecological restoration of the Baltic Sea and the preservation
of its ecological balance. It consists of six components of action:
i) policy, legal, and regulatory reforms, ii) institutional strengthening
and human resources development, iii) infrastructure investment,
iv) management of coastal lagoons and wetlands, v) applied research
vi) public awareness and environmental education. The document
discusses also the Programme implementation, co-ordination and
monitoring and aspects of the Programme financing
Accessories: Annex 1: Members of the HELCOM ad hoc high
level Task Force; Annex 2: Organisations participating in the
Work of the HELCOM ad hoc high level Task Force.
Title: HELCOM PITF MLW Technical
Guidelines on Elaboration of Integrated Coastal Zone Management
Plans for HELCOM MLW Task Areas
Author: HELCOM PITF MLW Secretariat
Publisher: HELCOM, Katajanokanlaituri 6 B, FIN-00160 Helsinki
Date of publ.: 1995, Pages: 19
Keywords: Baltic Sea, recommendations, CZM
Synopsis: These guidelines cover five different regions
of the Baltic Sea and give a general outline on how to manage
them. The five regions are: the Odra Lagoon, which is shared by
the Federal Republic of Germany and Poland; the Vistula Lagoon,
shared by Poland and the Kaliningrad Oblast; the Curonian (Kursiu)
Lagoon, shared by the Kaliningrad Oblast and Lithuania; the Gulf
of Riga, shared by Latvia and Estonia; and the Matsalu Bay, which
is Estonian. Area Task Teams (ATTs) are to be set up to manage
each region. Items that need to be included in the ATTs management
plans are described in this article.
Accessories: Annex I: Selected References on Integrated
Coastal Zone Management, Annex III: JCP- The Baltic Sea Joint
Comprehensive Action Programme
Title: Protection of the Baltic
Sea - Results and Experiences
Author: HELCOM; Katajanokanlaituri 6 B, FIN-00160 Helsinki,
Finland
Publisher: HELCOM, Pages: 32
Keywords: Baltic sea, HELCOM, status and trends, policy,
pollution, restoration, oil handling
Synopsis: This report gives a brief overview of the ongoing
work for the restoration and protection of the Baltic Sea environment.
The implementation of the Baltic Sea Joint Comprehensive Environmental
Action Programme is evaluated, and achievements and experiences
are outlined. Actions needed to reduce and control pollution,
in particular point source pollution, from main sectors - industry,
agriculture, transport, urbanisation - are discussed in detail.
The issue of oil and oil handling in the Baltic Sea Region is
taken up in a special section.
Title: Fisherfolk Safeguarding Aquatic
Diversity through their Fishing Techniques
Author: Intermediate Technology
Publisher: Intermediate Technology Development Group, Myson
House, Railway Terrace; Rugby, CV21 3HT; UK, Date of publ.:
1996, Pages: 21
Keywords: Fisheries, aquaculture, recommendations, policy,
good practice, biodiversity, habitat destruction, overfishing,
by-catch, non-native species, artificial reefs
Synopsis: This book is part of a three part series along
with Livestock Keepers Safeguarding Domestic Animal Diversity
Through Their Animal Husbandry, and Farmers Safeguarding Agricultural
Diversity through their Crop Husbandry.
This is a great article that discusses several aspects of fishing
and what is needed to convert the fishing industry into an ecologically
sustainable industry. Talks about all the destructive practices
that are currently being used and how to remedy them. Discusses
practices used in developing nations and how several of those
fisheries are managed well, but are increasingly in danger due
to outside pressures and marketing. Accessories: Policy
Recommendations, References and Resources
Title: Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change Second Assessment Climate Change 1995
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Publisher: IPCC, Date of publ.: 1995, Pages:
64
Keywords: Climate change, recommendations, status, trends,
scenarios, greenhouse gases, global warming
Synopsis: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC), was jointly established by the World Meteorological Organization
(WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 1988.
This document, IPCCs Second Assessment Report (SAR), includes:
- IPCCs Second Assessment Synthesis of Scientific-Technical Information
Relevant to Interpreting Article 2 of the UN Framework Convention
on Climate Change
- the Report of Working Group I of the IPCC, the Science of Climate
Change, with a Summary for Policymakers (SPM)
- the Report of Working Group II of the IPCC, Scientific-Technical
Analyses of Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change,
with SPM
- and the Report of Working Group III of the IPCC, the Economic
and Social Dimensions of Climate Change, with SPM
This document is a precursor to the Kyoto Protocol and played
a key role in its formulation. It is quite technical with good
data and information to support it. It discusses several important
aspects of climate change and the issues involved with climate
change. A good document to read for background information and
to learn about the dilemmas faced regarding climate change.
Accessories: Appendix: Lead Authors, Authors and Contributors,
List of IPCC Outputs
Title: Land / Sea Interfaces in the
Periphery: The essential elements of a European regional development
policy.
Author: Iribarne, M. F., Robert, J., the Fundacion Galicia-Europa,
Conference of Peripheral Maritime Regions; 35, boulevard de la
Liberté - 35000 Rennes, France; Pages: 51
Keywords: Europe, regional development, status, trends,
policy, transport, waterways, fisheries, tourism, urbanisation,
ports, shipping
Synopsis: This paper highlights characteristics and specificities
of the coastal economies and regional development policies in
the European Periphery. A brief overview is given of developments
in the fishing and tourist sectors and of the urbanisation process.
Port activities and the state and opportunities for revitalising
the shipping sector in the regions of the European Periphery are
described in details. Added value generated by port activities
is particularly discussed for the ports of the English Channel
and North Sea. Specific characteristics and potentials for growth
are described for major shipping zones: the Mediterranean, the
Baltic and the Atlantic Facade.
Title: Coastal Area Management in
Sweden: Report on comprehensive coastal planning in the Municipality
of Lysekil
Author: Johansson, L.; SWEDMAR, P.O. Box 423, S-401 26,
Goteborg, Sweden
Publisher: Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA);
SE-106 48, Stockholm
Date of publ.:1995, Pages: 56, ISBN: 1400-7738,
Keywords: Sweden, CZM, recommendations, planning land use
Synopsis: The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA)
funded this coastal area management project that was carried out
by SWEDMAR which a unit within the National Board of Fisheries.
This is an extremely thorough and complete document. It covers
all the coastal issues present in the Lysekil Municipality. It
was well researched is backed by quite a bit of data and detailed
maps. It provides a good example of a quality coastal area management
plan. It begins by defining the area boundaries and the legal
framework of the this area. Then it gives the plan orientation
and organization followed by the local coastal and marine environment.
It then gives the different claims to the land and a comprehensive
plan for the use of land and water areas. This document concludes
with an action programme to reduce the strain on the marine environment.
Quite a good document that could be used as a template for other
coastal area management plans.
Title: New Aspects of Trans-European
Networks from a Central European Viewpoint
Author: Maurer, J; ORL-ETH, Zürich
In: "Development perspectives for the wider European territory",
Proceedings of a joint conference held in Dresden 15-16 November
1993,
Publisher: Office for Official Publications of the European
Communities, L-2985 Luxembourg, Council of Europe, European Commission.
Date of publ.: 1995, Pages: 45-49, ISBN:
92-827-3927-9
Keywords: Europe, spatial development, area planning, policy,
impacts
Synopsis: This article discusses the fundamental question
of inevitable tensions between hierarchies and networks in the
spatial development of Europe. It criticises the tendency in the
European policy to focus too much on a few "super-metropolises"
and their "links", as well as the demands of multinational companies,
and points out the negative economic, ecological and social consequences
of disregarding diverse networks of localities and regions. The
paper confirms the view that Central Europe would oppose the primacy
of the hierarchies, and with it a new hierarchy of Europe's cities.
Title: Regional Development and
Changing Location Factors
Author: Molle, W. & Verkennis, A.W, Netherlands Economic
Institute, Rotterdam
In: "Development perspectives for the wider European territory",
Proceedings of a joint conference held in Dresden 15-16 November
1993
Publisher: Office for Official Publications of the European
Communities, L-2985 Luxembourg, Council of Europe, European Commission
Date of publ.: 1995, Pages: 33-41, ISBN:
92-827-3927-9
Keywords: Europe, regional development, sectoral development,
policy, recommendations
Synopsis: This paper describes some economic developments
"in the wider Europe" after 1990, together with a medium-term
outlook at both regions and sectors. Next, it analyses the factors
of importance for the location of different types of economic
activities, indicates the investments that are essential to improve
the attractiveness of a region for certain types of activities,
and gives some general policy recommendations for location decisions.
A distinction is made between developments and prospects for EU
and developments and prospects for East European Countries.'
Title: Coastal Conservation in Selected
European States
Author: Nordberg, L; Ministry of the Environment, Finland
In: Directions in European Coastal Management, (Eds: Healy,
M.G. and Doody J.P).
Publisher: Samara Publishing Limited; Samara House, Cardigan,
Dyfed SA43 2JG, UK,
Date of Publ.: 1995, Pages: 47-50, ISBN:
1 873692 06 4
Keywords: Europe, legislation, conservation, planning
Synopsis: This article discusses the nature of coastal
conservation and associated legislation and regulation carried
out in different countries of Europe. Two types of legislation
are considered: legislation which protects the coastal strip and
legislation which protects valuable or threatened habitats, fauna
and flora as well as endangered species. Examples of various systems
for legal protection of the coast are described and suggestions
for a Pan-European solution for coastal management problems are
presented.
Title: Coastal Zone Management, Integrated
Policies
Author: OECD, 2 rue Andre-Pascal, 75775 Paris, Cedex 16,
France
Publisher: OECD, Date of publ.: 1993, Pages:
126, ISBN: 92-64-13826-9
Keywords: Recommendations, CZM, policy, planning, status,
trends
Synopsis: The Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD) has compiled a very detailed and concise book
on how to create sound coastal zone management policies. It touches
on every topic and details how to go about creating feasible management
strategies that combine economic and environmental factors. This
book outlines the necessary steps towards sound policy development
which are:
-Generation of information on the physical environment, ecosystems,
coastal processes, social characteristics,
-Preparation of development plans and projects,
-Evaluation of the impacts of proposals,
-Public participation in plan and project choice,
-Revision of proposals,
-Implementation,
-Monitoring and evaluation
The book follows a clear path as it describes the different aspects
of coastal zone management. First it describes the issues and
causes, then the management of coastal resources for ecologically
sustainable development. From there the book gives a conceptual
framework for integrated coastal zone management which includes
the aforementioned steps. It then describes policy implementation
methods and ends with descriptions of the role of living marine
resources as well as tourism and recreation in integrated coastal
zone management.
This book contains an extreme amount of valuable information that
would be helpful to the novice coastal manager as well as a skilled
veteran of coastal management. It mentions several case studies
that were performed by the OECD so the information is backed up
by actual data.
Accessories: Glossary, List of the Members of the Group
on Natural Resource Management
Title: Review of progress towards
integrated coastal zone management in selected OECD countries
Author: OECD, 2 rue Andre-Pascal, 75775 Paris, Cedex 16,
France
Date of Publ.: 1996, Pages: 30, Ref. no.: ENV/EPOC/CZM
(96)1
Keywords: OECD countries, CZM, policy
Synopsis: This paper summarises the results of a questionnaire
survey of the degree to which OECD countries have implemented
the concept of "integrated coastal zone management" (ICZM) as
contained in an OECD Council Recommendation (adopted 23 July 1992).
The document begins with a brief overview of the results of the
OECD ICZM programme, followed by the questionnaire. Country responses
are subsequently summarised and analysed. Conclusions are also
drawn concerning the effectiveness of policy measures taken in
the period 1992-1996.
Title: Threats and Opportunities
in the Coastal Areas of the European Union. A report for the national
spatial planning agency of the ministry of housing, spatial planning
and the environment, The Netherlands.
Author: Rigg, K., Salman, A. et al., EUCC, P.O. Box 11232,
2301 Leiden, NL
Publisher: Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the
Environment, P.O. Box 351, 2700 AJ Zoetermeer, The Netherlands
Date of Publ.: 1997, Pages: 40, Distribution
number 15301/179
Keywords: EU, environmental impacts, spatial planning,
development, status, trends, opportunities, habitats, sectors
Synopsis: This report provides an overview of the most
important opportunities and threats facing European coastal zones
in the period until 2010. It summarises current and future developments
in a variety of socio-economic sectors, particularly as they relate
to spatial planning issues in the different coastal regions of
EU. Information about sectoral trends is provided generally for
the EU as a whole, and to the extent that additional information
is available, for Baltic, North sea, Atlantic and Mediterranean
coasts. An assessment is made of the environmental impacts of
development on different natural habitats. Accessories:
An indicative map of coastal types and natural habitats of the
European Union.
Title: Coastal Ecosystems and Tourism
Author: Roos, S. and Tromp, K.
Author's address: EUCC, P.O. Box 11232, 2301 Leiden, NL
Publisher: EUCC, Date of Publ.: 1994, Pages:
62
Keywords: Europe, tourism, status, recommendations, impacts,
ecosystems, beach, shingle, salt marshes, mud flats, estuary,
wetlands, cliffs, sand dunes.
Synopsis: Excellent research clearly defines features of
different types of coastal environments and the impacts they receive
from tourism. These areas are 1. sand and shingle beaches, 2.
sand dunes and shingle formations, 3. wetlands, and 4. cliffs.
Green, blue, brown, and yellow tourism are defined. Impacts of
each of these specific kinds of tourism on each of the specific
type of coastal feature are outlined. Recommendations on minimizing
the impact of mass tourism are provided. Excellent handbook for
concrete information on tourism's impact on the coast. Accessories:
Several useful tables on tourism and impacts on coastal features
Title: Baltic 21: Creating an Agenda
21 for the Baltic Sea Region. Main report.
Author: Rosemarin, A. (Ed.), Stockholm Environment Institute
(SEI), Box 2142, S-103 14 Stockholm, Sweden
Publisher: SEI Date of Publ.: 1996, Pages:
59 ISBN: 91 88714 28 4
Keywords: Baltic Sea, sustainable development, recommendations,
policy, sector analysis, impacts, pollution, spatial planning,
communication
Synopsis: The Baltic Agenda 21 is the first outline of
a plan for sustainable development in an entire region, and it
goes beyond the recommendations made in Agenda 21 on national
and local implementation. (Agenda 21 was adopted at UNCED in Rio
de Janeiro 1992, it is a global action programme for the environmental
and development issues of today and for the future). The Baltic
21 focuses on regional co-operation and a few key sectors, fully
recognising the priorities and varying development needs in the
Region. Profiles for sustainable development of four countries:
Latvia, Sweden, Russia and Poland, are made with aim to illustrate
the significant dimensions of regional contrasts that a strategy
to sustainability must cope with. Analyses of some key sectors:
energy, transport, agriculture, forestry, and industry, and related
areas are presented with suggestions for possible Baltic 21 activities.
The document gives also an assessment of the environmental issues
affecting the Baltic Sea Region, and discusses institutional aspects
considering co-operation for environmental protection.
Title: The Final Declaration of the
First European SEAS AT RISK Conference
Author: Seas at Risk, Drieharingstraat 25, 3511 BH Utrecht,
The Netherlands
Publisher: Seas at Risk Date of Publ.: 1995, Pages:
36
Keywords: Europe, seas, recomendations, habitats, species,
hazardous substances, nutrients, fisheries, shipping, energy,
agriculture
Synopsis: The First European SEAS AT RISK Conference was
a gathering of environmentalists, industry representatives and
government officials in an attempt to discuss and better understand
the problems facing European Seas. The Declaration is written
much like a treaty text, however only environmental non-governmental
organisations (NGOs) are signatories so it has very little legal
power. The Declaration does cover several important issues pertaining
to marine pollution. The sections covered are: Habitats and Species;
Hazardous Substances; Nutrients; Fisheries; Shipping; and Energy
Use. Under each of these headings are subheadings followed by
detailed remarks about the problem and what should be done to
remedy the problem. This Declaration is quite detailed and gives
specific dates for phase-out of different chemicals and feasible
solutions to some important and pressing dilemmas. Accessories:
Annexes as follows: I)The Principle of Precautionary Action, II):
Clean Production, III): Environmental Management Strategies, IV):
Criteria governing the setting up and use of Environmental Impact
Assessments (EIA).
Title: National and International
Efforts at Integrated Coastal Management: Definitions, Achievements,
and Lessons
Author: Sorenson, J.; Harbour and Coastal Center; Univ.
of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125
Publisher: Taylor and Francis, 1101 Vermont Av., NW, suite.
200; Washington D.C. 20005-3521
In: Coastal Management 25 (1), Date of publ.: 1997,
ISSN: 0892-0753
Keywords: Recommendations, status, trends, policies, planning,
CZM, institutional aspects
Synopsis: This Article discusses the basics of Integrated
Coastal Management (ICM). It defines key terms and ideas that
are essential to create sound coastal policies. The Article looks
into the development of ICM by examining what has been done in
the past and where the topic is headed now and where it should
be headed in the future. Furthermore, this Article outlines an
ICM project design that could be followed by any coastal entity
needing guidance. This is an extremely useful Article for those
just getting involved with ICM as it touches on every aspect necessary
to develop sound policy for the coastal zone.
Title: Europe's Environment: The Dobriš
Assessment.
Author: Stanners, D. and Bourdeau Ph. (Editors), European
Environment Agency, Kongens Nytorv 6, DK-1050 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Publisher: Office for Official Publications of the European
Communities, L-2985, Luxembourg
Date of Publ.: 1995, Pages: 676, ISBN: 92-826-5409-5
Keywords: Europe, status, trends, impacts, sustainable
development, conservation
Synopsis: This is a detailed and comprehensive review of
the state of the environment in Europe. The report covers 46 countries.
It is aimed at all who are concerned with the environment professionally,
as well as those with a more general interest. The report is presented
in six parts. Part I introduces the context and the reporting
techniques used. Part II assesses the state of the environment
in different fields (water, soil, air, nature, wildlife and urban).
Part III focuses on the pressures which alter the environment
and Part IV provides an overview of the environmental impacts
of main economic sectors and of households. Part V summarises
the major environmental problems in Europe, Part VI presents a
summary of main highlights of the report.
Title: An Environmental Management
Programme for Golf Courses
Author: Stubbs, D., European Golf Association Ecology Unit,
Chaussée de la Hulpe 110, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
Publisher: Pisces Publications (Nature Conservation Bureau
Limited), 36 Kingfisher Court, Hambridge Road, Newbury, Berkshire,
RG14 5SJ, UK
Date of publ.: 1996, Pages: 62, ISBN: 1 874357
10 2
Keywords: Europe, tourism and recreation, golf, status,
policy, management, impacts, environmental protection
Synopsis: This is a report on a Pilot Scheme project, which
is carried out on a sample of golf courses across Europe with
aim to see how different golf clubs address environmental issues.
Main themes are: planning and policy, pollution control, water
resource management, nature conservation, information and education.
An assessment is made about the applicability of the Pilot Scheme
to develop environmental management systems for golf courses in
Europe.
Title: Coastal Habitats
Author: Tucker. G. M. and Evans, M. I., BirdLife International,
Cambridge, UK
In: Habitats for birds in Europe: a conservation strategy
for the wider environment. (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 6),
Publisher: BirdLife International; Wellbrook Court, Girton
Road, Cambridge, CB3 0NA, UK
Date of publ: 1997, Pages: 93-123, ISBN:
0 946888 32 9
Keywords: Europe, habitats, status, recommendations, opportunities,
sea cliffs, rocky shores, shingle beaches, estuaries, lagoons,
salinas, salt marshes, deltas, birds, conservation, CZM
Synopsis: This paper looks at the fauna of the coastal
habitats of Europe, particularly priority bird species. Types
of habitat examined include: Sea cliffs, Rocky shores, Sand and
shingle beaches, Estuaries and intertidal flats, Lagoons, Salinas,
Sand-dunes, Saltmarshes and Deltas. Threats to habitat, such as
tourism, nutrient or toxic pollution, sea level rise, fisheries,
grazing, and barrage construction, are examined briefly. Conservation
opportunities and recommendations are provided, covering the coastal
principles. This is a brief but comprehensive overview of the
problems and solutions for Europe's coastal habitats.
Title: Guidelines for Integrated
Management of Coastal and Marine Areas - with special reference
to the Mediterranean Basin
Author: UNEP; PAP/RAC, MAP, Split, Croatia
Publisher: UNEP, PO Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya, Date
of publ.: 1995, Pages: 80,
ISBN: 92-807-1487-2, Ser.: UNEP Regional Seas Reports and
Studies no. 161
Keywords: CZM, recommendations, Mediterranean, development,
sea level rise
Synopsis: Overview of problems in coastal areas, with thorough
explanation of integrated coastal area management (ICAM). Development,
implementation, tools, and techniques of ICAM are detailed. This
includes institutional, legal and financial arrangements; environmental
evaluation, economic assessment, and conflict resolution.
Accessories: Annexes are as follows: I) Basic Definitions of ICAM;
II) Mediterranean coastal resources and their problems; III) Database
management; IV) Integrated planning study for the Isle of Rhodes;
V) Israeli national outline scheme for the Mediterranean; VI)
Objectives and thematic framework for mitigation of seismic risk;
VII) Economic Instruments
Title: The State of the Marine and
Coastal Environment in the Mediterranean Region
Author: UNEP - Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP), P.O. Box
18019, 11610 Athens, Greece
Publisher: UNEP, Date of publ.: 1996, Pages:
142, ISBN: 92-807-1578-X
Keywords: Mediterranean, CZM, status, trends, development,
pollution, impacts
Synopsis: UNEP has put together an in-depth report on the
state of the marine and coastal environment in the Mediterranean
region. It contains chapters on Human Pressures and Economic Activities,
State of the Marine and Coastal Environment, The Policy and Legislative
Context, and an Assessment of the State of the Marine and Coastal
Environment and Conclusions. Throughout each of these chapters
several issues are discussed and researched including urbanization,
industry, energy generation and consumption, transportation systems,
tourism and recreation, agriculture, fisheries, forestry and mining
among other more specific topics.
Several case studies and short reports on different pollutants
give real information on what is occurring in different areas
around the Mediterranean and the impacts of these occurrences.
Tables and figures provide the data to back up the information
provided in the text. This is an extremely detailed document with
an immense amount of very useful information.
Title: A better world with clean
industry
Author: UNIDO; Vienna International Center, P.O. Box 300,
A-1400 Vienna, Austria
Publisher: UNIDO, Date of publ.: 1995, Pages:
51
Keywords: Industry, status, recommendations, sustainable
development, energy
Synopsis: This document contains 15 separate clean industry
fact sheets covering different topics and issues that UNIDO is
involved with. The topics for the fact sheets are:
1. Ecologically sustainable industrial development strategies
2. Ecologically sustainable construction industry
3. Phasing out ozone-depleting substances
4. Environmentally sound management of biotechnology
5. Environmentally sound management of toxic chemicals
6. Hazardous waste management
7. Promoting cleaner production
8. Environmentally sound energy supplies
9. Women, industry and environment
10. Environment and energy information
11. Capacity-building for ecologically sustainable industrial
development
12. The leather and tanning industry
13. Strengthening the role of business and industry
14. Water, industry and the environment
15. UNIDO and Agenda 21
For each of these fact sheets, UNIDO outlines the issues and problems
involved, then lists the role of UNIDO, and finally describes
all the UNIDO activities being undertaken to combat the problems.
Each fact sheet also contains a few brief description of actual
cases in certain countries. These case studies are mostly the
success stories from UNIDOs efforts, but give a better idea as
to what is specifically being done.
Title: Management of Mediterranean
Coastal Dunes
Author: F. van der Meulen and A.H.P.M. Salman; EUCC, P.O.
Box 11232, Leiden, The Netherlands
In: Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 30, Nos 2-3, 1996,
Pages:177-195
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.
Keywords: Mediterranean, CZM, recommendations, planning,
sustainable use, dunes, erosion, tourism, recreation, golf
Synopsis: This paper gives some theoretical concepts of dune management
as well as practical examples of how actual measures should be
carried out.
Dune management is defined as all measures aimed at the preservation
and restoration of the natural values of a coastal sand dune area.
It is essential that beach and foreshore are seen as parts of
a whole dune system. Management must take into account all processes
within this system. It should aim at nature conservation and wise
use of coastal resources and all forms of land use should be ecologically
sustainable. Dune management should work as much as possible 'with'
the natural processes and not 'against' them.
Four types of Mediterranean dune systems (including Portugal and
SW Spain) are distinguished: mainland dunes, lagoon-bay barrier
dunes, delta dunes and remnant dunes.
Like in most parts of the world, Mediterranean dunes fulfill several
functions at the same time. The following functions will be dealt
with: nature management, coastal defence and erosion, dune stabilisation
and afforestation, agriculture, tourism and urbanisation, recreation,
golf, information and education. The concepts of management which
are considered include: sustainable use, large and coherent units,
compensation, management planning, environmental impact assessment
and functional analysis.
Dune stabilisation is not always considered necessary. In case
of stabilisation by planting, only indigenous species should be
used, preferably pioneers and not trees. Planting of exotic species
should be avoided.
